Sender: The sender initiates the communication process by encoding a message, which can be in the form of spoken words, written text, non-verbal cues, or any other medium. The sender’s goal is to convey information or share an idea with the receiver.

Encoding: Encoding involves transforming the message into a format suitable for transmission through the chosen channel. This process may involve converting thoughts into words, selecting appropriate visuals, or employing other means of expression. Effective encoding ensures that the intended message is accurately conveyed.

Message: The message is the actual content being communicated. It can range from a simple sentence to a complex multimedia presentation. The sender must carefully craft the message to ensure clarity and coherence, taking into account the receiver’s perspective and the intended outcome.

Channel: The channel refers to the medium through which the message is transmitted. It can be face-to-face conversations, phone calls, emails, social media platforms, television, radio, newspapers, or any other communication tool.

Receiver: The receiver is the individual or group for whom the message is intended. They play a crucial role in the communication process as they interpret and respond to the message. The receiver’s comprehension and response can provide valuable feedback to the sender, enabling them to refine future communication.

Decoding: Decoding is the reverse process of encoding, wherein the receiver interprets and understands the message. The receiver decodes the message by extracting meaning from the words, images, or non-verbal cues used by the sender.

Feedback: Feedback is the response or reaction received from the receiver. It helps to validate whether the receiver understood the message as intended and provides an opportunity for clarification or further communication.