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The iceberg model is a systems thinking tool designed to help an individual or group discover the patterns of behavior, supporting structures, and mental models that underlie a particular event.
The iceberg model contains six competencies: skill, knowledge, social role, self-image, traits and motives. Skill and knowledge are located on the portion of the iceberg that sits above the water level, which is easily seen. They are around 20 % of a person’s competencies. So they are relatively easy to determine.